The Concept of Political Representation Essay - 2655 Words

In â€Å"Political Representation,† Shapiro et al. (2009) say that â€Å"political representation lies at the core of modern politics.† Representation is usually linked to the concept of democracy (Shapiro et al. 2009). The concept of representation is explicitly mentioned in the U.S. Constitution (U.S. Const. art. I,  § 1, 2). However, the meaning and appropriate form of â€Å"representation† have been debated by political theorists and philosophers for centuries. The definition of representation one chooses to use is influenced by the form of representation one finds most appropriate. Given the different forms of representation, legislators can be responsive in different ways. Representation also operates at two different levels – the national and local†¦show more content†¦2009). According to this view, the representative represents the interests of the state, not the individual, and a discrepancy between the constituency’s preferences and the representative’s actions is not problematic, because the representative does not directly represent the views of the individuals who elected him (Shapiro et al. 2009). In Two Treatises of Government, John Locke (1823) argued that natural rights such as life, liberty and property could not be taken or given away by individuals. These â€Å"inalienable† rights limited the power of the king, who acted only to enforce the natural rights of the people. If these rights were violated, the people had the right to revolt and create a new government. Although Locke supported the idea of a representative government, he wanted representatives to be men of property (Locke 1823). Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1988) also wrote about representation in The Social Contract. Rousseau felt that individuals should enter into a social contract in which they gave up their rights to the entire community, rather than to a king. Rousseau viewed aShow MoreRelatedPolitical Participation Among Backward Castes Of Panchayat Raj Institutions : A Study On Ananthapuramu District Of Andhra Pradesh1638 Words   |  7 Pages Political participation among Backward Castes in Panchayat Raj Institutions: A study on Ananthapuramu District of Andhra Pradesh Social Stratification is a ubiquitous social structure in human societies, be it simple or complex. Stratification is fairly permanent ranking of positions in a society in terms of unequal power, prestige or privileges. It refers to the patterned or structured social inequalities among the whole categories of people not just among individualsRead MoreWomen and Political Representation in Canada: Equality, Fairness, and Capabilities866 Words   |  4 PagesWomen and Political Representation in Canada: Equality, Fairness, and Capabilities I. Introduction Social equality is the concept in which all individuals possess the same fundamental basic liberties, opportunities, moral value/respect, and social benefits. The concept of ‘equality’ has a multiplicity of meanings and definitions, and with the rise of liberalization and democratization around the world ‘social equality’ has become the most predominant. As economic openness creates greater wealthRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagesas no surprise that when emerging nations are writing their constitutions, they model them after the American Constitution. Political scientists cite a number of different reasons for the success of the US Constitution; the Bill of Rights, separation of powers, and a bicameral legislature with representation based on population and equality all the top their lists. One concept often overlooked, however, is federalism. Defined, federalism is a type of government that divides powers be tween two equalRead MorePolitical Culture And Its Impact On Society Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical culture is connotative of a stream of collective consciousness relating to ingrained theoretical expectations of government and the governing. Political culture is a shared aspect of society that shapes how we react and interact within the system , it s reflective of our collective morals, ideals, and beliefs. There are three core American values that shape domestic political culture: Democracy, Freedom, and Equality. As we know our political system is that of a representative democracyRead MoreMedia Representation of the Rwandan Genocide1202 Words   |  5 PagesThis article considers how the representation of events in the news can serve to shape public opinion or discourage statesmanship. Through the example of the Rwanda Genocide my argument is that representation is constitutive of the ways in which we understand the world and of the hierarchy that currently exists within mainstream media. As (Michael J. Shapiro, 1989) discussed ‘The reason for looking at representational practices in relation to texts, language and modes of interpretation is becauseRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : Representation For Maori1248 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography: Representation for Maori in Parliament Source Citation Douglas, G. (2010) Social and Cultural Meanings of Tolerance: Immigration, Incorporation and Identity in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 125-148. This article examines the attitudes that New Zealanders have developed in response to immigration patterns and policy. Exploring how social hierarchy and ethnicity shape immigration tolerance through economic inequality concernsRead MoreRoles And Bias Towards Women Nigeri Problems And Prospects African Journal Of Political Science And International Relations896 Words   |  4 PagesI got a lot of information as in some article that talks about the problem with roles and bias towards women Nigeria: Problems and prospects African Journal of Political Science and International Relations Nigerian women and their society. These women play a key role in the Nigerian society and help develop their society. This society allows women to stand up for the view and support women’s rights because they have women in government to represent them. This article also comperes the men and womenRead MoreEssay On Cultural Imperialism1526 Words   |  7 Pagesprevious imperial states still retain financial, political and social predominance over these earstwhile settlements. This is accomplished in the form of cultural imperialism. Due to the huge development of the popular consumerist culture and the dissemination of Western goods all over the globe, the accusations of cultural imperialism became much stronger and rampant in the Third World countries. †¢ ORIENTALISM AND THE POLITICS OF REPRESENTATION The postcolonial critic, Edward Said felt the constantRead MoreEssay987 Words   |  4 PagesCarey et. al’s Report from the Field: Two Surveys of Political Scientists.: Alarming results Carey et al’s â€Å"Report,† alarmed me for two reasons: the lack of importance attached to women’s representation by the American Political Science Association’s members and the lack of country knowledge or experience of the electoral reform consultants. The first, I will rationalize out as realistic, even if I disagree at a fundamental level; and the second, I will criticize as a problem that should be addressedRead MoreRepresentation Of A Representative Democracy1410 Words   |  6 Pagesactivity of representation is taking place (the political context). The theories of political representation usually start by specifying and explaining the terms for each of these four components. For example, democratic theorists often limit the types of representatives being discussed to formal representatives only — that is, only to those representatives who hold elected or public offices. One reason for the concept of representation being elusive is that theories of representation often apply

Global Inequalities Essay - 1224 Words

I found the book Global Inequalities quite interesting as well as being very informative. I enjoyed reading this book because unlike many other texts it was not very â€Å"cut and dry†, rather it was easy to read and Bradshaw and Wallace did a good job illustrating major points. This made the book easy to read because it did not require me to re-read many passages to understand the ideas presented. Prior to reading this book, I did not have too much knowledge about world events that have occurred in the past. I learned a great deal about international events, it also clarified many ideas that I had previously learned but was not too sure about the details. I found it extremely interesting learning about all of the different cultures and†¦show more content†¦Later, when the powers left, they gave the leaders the ability to take over the already fragile government. Often as a result, incompetent leaders who ran these countries further into debt led these countries. A ma jor problem was that the Colonial Powers were still sending aid to these corrupt leaders, which allowed them to stay in power and as a result, worsen the problem. Another problem that Colonization caused was severe cultural change; many new religions and lifestyles were introduced to these new countries. The citizens were obviously not familiar with these ideals that were being introduced to them, this caused for a lot of confusion. As well as confusion, these ideas also led to violence between various religious groups throughout the countries. Unfortunately this is still a problem that many developing countries still have to deal with today, where certain groups are fighting wars with each other in order to overcome the other and become the predominant power. Colonization has also caused Economic problems and they are a significant reason as to why these countries are underdeveloped. As a result of the corruption of the government, money is not being allocated sufficiently to encou rage economic growth, which in turn hinders the development of the country. All of these problems have been a result of Colonization and led toShow MoreRelatedInequality : Global And Social Inequality1330 Words   |  6 PagesInequality has been shown throughout American history and has affected various countries including the United States. The two forms of inequality this paper will address are global and social inequality. Social inequality refers to the distribution of resources based on socially defined characteristics, while global inequality is the systematic differences in wealth and power between countries. 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For many decades, groups of the world’s population, particularly in the poorest areas, are continuing to get squeezed by the weight by the radically uneven distribution of income. When this problem extends to globalization, it is heavily ambiguous in terms of its long-term implications, socially and politically as well. When one explores the fascinating

Servant Leadership on Employee Engagement †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Servant Leadership on Employee Engagement. Answer: Introduction: There are various leadership models that are currently in place. Transformational servant leadership is one of the most preferred leadership styles in organizations today. According to Parolini (2012), transformational servant leadership refers to the ability to cast a collaborative moral vision while actively caring for those participating in moving the vision to reality (pp. 13). According to Parolini (2012), transformational servant leadership is not a quick fix. It is, however, todays heroes are products of transformational servant leadership. According to Autry (2001), some of the characteristics of transformational and servant leadership are ethics, trustworthy, visionary, strategic and having the heart to serve others. Transformational servant leaders always listen to their followers and have exceptional intuitive insights. Due to this character trait, they are dependable and trustworthy (Parolini, 2012). The followers of transformational servant leaders always connect themselves to them based on their personal traits of leadership. Transformational servant leaders listen to their followers and respect their opinions. They give their followers chances to contribute meaningfully in the decision-making process (Autry, 2001). Trust plays an important role in inspiring followers to participate. When employees have trust and believe in their leaders' values and organizational goals, they become more loyal and dedicated to realizing organizational goals (Kowske, Lundy, Rasch, 2009, pp. 50). Motivated employees would want to feel being part of the organization, hence; get inspiration to participate in achieving the organization goals (Carter, 2012). Transformational servant leadership is all about putting ones team first before oneself. In my organizational, I have always been there for my team to ensure that their needs are always met satisfactorily. I always check in with them to know how they are holding up. As their leader, I am at the forefront in creating opportunities for them to develop their skills required to advance their careers. As a transformational servant leader, I listen to their opinions. I analyze issues from my team's perspectives and make a decision with my followers' best interests at heart. I provide the necessary resources and knowledge that my team require to meet their objectives and that of the organization. My leadership skills have made my team be the most successful due to high engagement. A transformational and servant leader puts his team first and inspires his team to achieve exceptional results (Parolini, 2012). As a transformational and servant leader, service to others means helping others in achieving their dreams and to always listen to their needs and opinions. Service to others can be demonstrated by solving challenges that may arise and to be always at the forefront in making critical decisions. Motivation is essential in any workplace and serves as a determination in serving others. Acknowledgement of other peoples perspectives and needs also demonstrates service to others. Decision-making is a vital role in managing an organization. Leaders need to involve other people in the decision-making process as a way of empowering them. I believe that a leader should empower his followers by allowing them to handle issues their way and encourage them to own the problems and come up with practical strategies in solving them. Empowering people will make them contribute significantly in the decision-making process which will, in turn, help leaders to solve challenges in a manner that is acceptable to all the team members. References Autry, J. A. (2001). The servant leader: How to build a creative team, develop great morale, and improve bottom-line performance. New York, NY: Three Rivers. Carter, D. R. (2012). The influence of servant leadership on employee engagement: A qualitative phenomenological study of restaurant employees (Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix). Kowske, B., Lundby, K., Rasch, R., Harris, C., Lucas, D. (2009). Turning'survive'into'thrive': Managing survivor engagement in a downsized organization. People and Strategy, 32(4), 48. Parolini, J. (2012). Transformational Servant Leadership. Xulon Press.